E-commerce revolutionizes retail by enhancing global market access and consumer convenience, driven by advancements in digital technologies and emerging trends like AI and blockchain.

Artificial intelligence enhances economic decision-making, driving productivity and innovation while transforming job roles, market dynamics, and the nature of economic growth globally.

Behavioral finance investigates psychological factors influencing investment decisions, revealing that emotions and cognitive biases often lead to irrational market behavior and suboptimal financial outcomes.

Companies utilize behavioral economics principles to influence consumer decisions, employing strategies like loss aversion, social proof, and choice architecture to optimize marketing effectiveness and enhance consumer engagement.

Financial economics integrates economic principles with financial theory to analyze markets, investments, and monetary systems, focusing on decision-making under uncertainty and resource allocation over time.

Prospect Theory illustrates how individuals make decisions under uncertainty, emphasizing risk aversion for gains, risk-seeking for losses, and the influence of loss aversion on behavior.