The labor market’s dynamics arise from the interaction of supply and demand, influencing employment levels, wages, and economic conditions across various industries and regions.

Environmental economics analyzes economic activities’ effects on the environment, addressing pollution, resource depletion, and climate change, while promoting sustainable resource management and effective policies.

Labor economics examines employment dynamics, workforce interactions, and factors influencing wages, job opportunities, and economic outcomes, including human capital, government policies, and technological advancements.

Development economics focuses on economic growth, poverty reduction, and the influence of institutions and policies in developing countries, adapting to challenges like climate change and inequality.

The Sustainable Development Goals are 17 interconnected objectives established by the United Nations in 2015, aimed at promoting global sustainability and addressing critical social, economic, and environmental challenges.

Externalities are economic side effects impacting third parties, often leading to market inefficiencies and significant environmental consequences, necessitating government intervention for effective resource allocation.